Job layout || Introduction || Principle || Procedure || Classification || Necessity

 Job layout in civil engineering 

Introduction 

The site layout is the plan of any construction site. In which, showing the different uses of materials and their area in construction. In addition, it explains the relationship with the site to the facilities, materials, etc. located nearby. Meaning whether the materials used in construction are available in that area or not. If it is, then it will take less construction cost. Job layout definition 

Job layout 

Principle of job layout 

There are following principles of job layout. 

•   There should always be two doors or openings at the construction site to allow easy entry and exit. If for some reason we are unable to provide two openings, then we make a cross over near that opening.

•   The General Office should always be given near the main gate

•   The warehouse should always be behind the General Office. This makes it easier for workers to carry and bring goods. Another advantage of this is that the observer is easy to maintain. Job layout for construction site 

•   The site layout design process should take into account the number of temporary facilities required for construction, the size and shape of the site, as well as the construction schedule.

•   The following temporary facilities should be available at the construction site like temporary office, cranes, storage areas for materials and equipments, workshops, access roads, rest areas, safety and health facilities, and security features.  Job layout plan drawing 

•   Temporary road should be constructed on the construction site so that materials can be easily exchanged and construction happens quickly.

There are following procedure for doing job layout on the construction site :--

Site clearance 

➡️      Site clearance is an important factor to be considered in job layout. 

➡️     It is first step for preparing construction site it involves cleaning of stone, vegetation, etc. and removal of soil to reduce level according to propose site. 

➡️     It ensures that the site should be free from vegetation and should have a suitable bearing capacity to improve the stability of building.

Preparation of job layout 

➡️     A plan in which placing of the site office, medical store, material storage house, labour quarter, and other facilities are properly prepared is called as job layout or site layout. 

➡️     The arrangement of process in such that the work is done smoothly and economically where should be proper co-relation for co-ordination among different unit. 

➡️     Substructure involves foundation and before construction of it we have to perform various activities such as site clearance, job layout, marking, etc. 

Job layout depends upon following factor 

1. Location, Area, and Topography 
2. Method of construction 
3. Type of work and structure 

Job layout on the ground 

It can be done by two methods are following 

1. Centre line method 
2. Face line method 

1. Centre line method 

Procedure 

From the plan of drawing centre line of wall are calculated and set out on the ground. 

STEP - 1

Suppose 1, 2, 3, ........., 11 the center line. These lines are extended 1.5 metres to 2 metres away from the outer edge of the excavation. 

STEP - 2

Corners point are marked using peg. Centre lines are marked clearly by stretching rope, and then after it is marked by line. 

STEP - 3

Corners point of rooms are checked by diagonal AC, BD,  EG,  FH. 

STEP - 4

Width of excavation is to be marked on the ground by using peg at appropriate position. 

STEP -5

Now width of excavation is shown by using line furrow with a spade. 

STEP -6

If plan of building is complicated than layout of building is done by using pegs at suitable interval. 

Center line method 

2. Face line method 

Procedure 

From the drawing calculate the length of wall exterior to exterior which is called as face of wall. 

STEP - 1

Measure the distance on ground with the help of measuring tape and mark it with line. 

STEP - 2

The width of wall is then mark on the ground by the help of rope, lime, etc.  

STEP - 3

The face line of the wall is extended 2 metres from the face of wall,  it is so because during excavation the face line may get disappear. 

STEP - 4

For the proper rectangulation  of room diagonals where checked, such as AC, BD, EG, FH, IK, & JL. 

STEP - 5

If the plan of building is more complicated then use of pegs is according to ground condition. 

Face line method 

Necessities of job layout 

•   For continuous supply of material.

•   To properly utilize the area available on the construction site.

•   To use the material properly and check its waste.

•   To provide space for vehicles on the same site.

•   To reduce confusion and prevent accident.

Precautions during Job layout 

The following precautions should be kept in account when marking layout on the ground.

•   Take correct measurement of distance by using steel tape. 

•   Levelling is done by carefully either by dumpy level or meason level. 

•   Take correct plumb bob for transferring the point to the ground. 

•   Mark the correct centre line and phase line on the ground.

Site clearance 

Principle of site selection of building 

For good planning and development of building the site selection is very important. 

•   The purpose of building and privacy is important. 

•   Before site selection one should study by law of local community. 

•   The purpose of building which is to be constructed is pre-determined. 

•   The site should be located in fully developed area or fast developing area. 

•   The site should be situated at elevated place with uniform slope. 

•   The soil of site should have good bearing capacity.

•   The site should be situated in that area where community services like police station, fire station, street cleaning, etc. and amenities services like hospitals, schools, markets, etc. and utilities services like electricity, drainage system, etc are easily available. Job layout